The Economical and Social Factors Effecting on CO2 Emission in Iran
Davood
Behbudi
دانشگاه تبریز
author
Firouz
Fallahi
دانشگاه تبریز
author
Esmail
Barghi
author
text
article
2010
per
The main objective of this paper is to study the relationship between the energy consumption (energy use intensity), economic growth, and CO2 emission in Iran. To that end, we use time series data of Iran during 1967–2004. In order to examine the long-run relationship among these variables, the Johanson-Juselius cointegration method is used along with VECM.
The main finding of this study shows that energy consumption , economic growth, trade openness, and urban population have positive effects on CO2 emission.
JEL Classification: C22, O13, Q4, Q53
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20732_b74347f664eca78e2c46d706446ac941.pdf
Estimation of the Equilibrium Rate of Interest In Iranian Economy: A General Equilibrium Approach
Asghar
Shahmoradi
دانشکدهی اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
author
Hossein
Kavand
دانشگاه تهران
author
Kamran
Nadri
دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)
author
text
article
2010
per
Using the quarterly data of 1990:1 to 2008:1 and in a general equilibrium approach, we investigate the long run equilibrium path of the equilibrium interest rate as well as the potential output. We implement a structural reduced form of a general equilibrium model consistent with Iran’s economy and estimate the unobservable variables by employing the Kalman filtering technique. A exponential utility function is used to estimate the relative risk aversion coefficient and the rate of time preference. The results show the average equilibrium real rate of interest within the sample period is as around 5.5%.
JEL : E43، E32
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20733_bd93d298b23785fd0293c1a0521583f4.pdf
The Comparative Assessment of Technical Efficiency in The Iran Cement Industry (Stochastic Frontier Analysis Approach)
Alimorad
Sharifi
اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
author
Rahman
Khoshakhlagh
اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
author
Kiumars
Aghaie
اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
author
Bijan
Khayam Bashi
اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
author
text
article
2010
per
The different model specifications have been proposed to estimate time-varying technical efficiency in the last two decades. These models have resulted different efficiency scores based on their built-in specifications. This study investigates the temporal pattern of technical efficiency based on Cornwell, Sickles, and Schmidt (CSS, 1990) as well as Lee and Schmidt (LS, 1993) models. In order to extend LS model, the assumption of identical temporal pattern for each individual is replaced by group-specific stochastic frontier model with a parametric function of temporal pattern. As empirical evidence, the observed data for the thirty three Cement planst in Iran during 1996-2005 are used. The cement plants have been divided into three different categories: More than 3000 tones per year , between 1000 to 3000 tones per year , and finally less than 1000 tones per year . The results indicate that significant differences between individual-specific (CSS and LS) models and group-specific (GS) model exist while the latter model has more sufficient explanatory specification. Since CSS and LS models specify the technical efficiency in aggregate forms, so the average efficiency scores in both models are estimeated as 0.76 and 0.84, respectively. While in GS model there are three different efficiency scores relevant to the above-mentioned three groups which are 0.81, 0.93, and 0.75, respectively. The similar outcome can be observed for input elasticities as well as scale elasticity.
JEL Classifications: C23, C51, D21, L61
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20734_7de39b691ba107d6b13ca7e0d199a781.pdf
Modeling the Private Sector Insurance Industry of Iran Using Game Theory Approach (A Case study)
Jafar
Ebadi
دانشکدهی اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
author
Maryam
Jafari Bidgoli
author
text
article
2010
per
In this research, the market of private sector insurance industry of Iran has been modeled, using the "Game Theory", where performance and competition of three big private insurance companies has been investigated as a case study and the "Game Theory" has been used as a decision making tool for achieving a status of optimum satisfaction of all three companies.
In the research process, the competition of three insurance companies of "Parsian", "Mellat" and "Kar Afarin" has been investigated and with regard to the implemented model, it results in a Pareto solution.
It shows that in case these three companies collaborate to have a cooperative game for retaining the market share of private sector, the biggest loss of Utility in portfolio is minimized while the cumulated loss of Utility in portfolio declines to the least, subject to adopting the "expansion of sales network strategy" by "Parsian" insurance company, "prompt compensation strategy" by "Mellat" co. and "advertisement strategy" by "Kar Afarin" co. at the same time. The companies considerably benefit from these strategies while do not harm much to the other players. In this regard while every single company gains Utility comparatively by minimizing the loss of its Utility in portfolio, the private sector of insurance industry whose considerable share belongs to these three companies , will suffer the least probable loss.
As a conclusion, using this cooperative and compromise model resulted in a Pareto solution, since the model has led to a same solution in both Utility loss of each single company and cumulated Utility loss of portfolios of all companies.
JEL Classification: C71, G22
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20735_696dea61835016f65134bce8d4ae41b5.pdf
An Investigation of Brain Drain from Iran to OECD Countries Based on Gravity Model
heshmat alla
asgari
گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه ایلام
author
Mehdi
Taghavi
دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2010
per
Recently, economists have attention to the brain drain as emigration of skilled and educated labor force from developing countries.
In this case, we are dealing with one main question is: how brain drain can affect the human capital of source countries?
Based on existing theories, brain drain can affect the economy of source countries in different ways such as; direct reduction of human capital, increasing of general level of education and human capital, increasing of remittance and GNP and network effects.
In this research we have studies the cause and effects of brain drain phenomenon from 135 developing countries to 16 developed countries which are member of OECD since 1990 till 2004.
The main result of this research is that; brain drain has a positive and significant effect on the accumulation of human capital, and regional convergence among developing countries with different income,
JEL: j24, R23
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20736_488c519bb56ac9a1c953a02587c31196.pdf
The Impact of Terms of Trade Volatility on Economic Growth of Iran
Ali reza
kazerooni
دانشیار دانشگاه تبریز
author
sakineh
sojoodi
author
text
article
2010
per
The major challenge facing Iranian economy is its overwhelming dependence on the oil exports. However, the world oil price has been subject to a lot of shocks, which have destabilized the Iranian terms of trade. Hence, this paper empirically examines the effect of terms of trade volatility on Iran’s economic growth over 1967-2006. For this purpose, based on a GARCH model, a proxy for the terms of trade volatility has been estimated. Then, a growth model has been specified, where the economic growth is mainly related to the terms of trade volatility alongside with other relevant variables. The empirical results obtained by ARDL technique suggest the terms of trade uncertainty has adverse effect on the Iranian economic growth.
JEL classification: F43; O11
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20737_12e55cc431f441d86961f599c7ec2d32.pdf
Privatization and Economic Growth; A Cross Country Study
saeed
moshiri
دانشکدهی اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2010
per
In this paper, we intend to investigate the impact of privatization on economic growth in developing and transition economies. Previous studies that have attempted to measure this relationship have conflicting results, some indicating a positive impact of privatization on growth, while others indicate a negative relationship. Our study uses recent World Bank data on privatization for 117 countries over the time period 1988-2003. We explore the impact of privatization on growth by estimating an empirical growth model using two-stage least squares and ordinary least squares estimations in the context of three time frames. Our results indicate that privatization is neutral with regard to economic growth, while a competitive regulatory environment has a positive impact on growth.
JEL: 01. 04
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20738_6ae8b3d11ddba8d1ca0fa2a7466da6c6.pdf
The Impact of Different Approaches of Questionnaire Eliciting on the Willingness to Pay in Contingent Valuation Methods (Case Study: Arasbaran Forestst Ecosystem)
Morteza
Molaei
author
gholam ali
sharzeie
دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
author
Saeed
Yazdani
گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2010
per
Consumers’ willingness to pay for nonmarket commodities such as wildlife, quality of the environment and forest services (including timber production, water conservation, soil conservation, oxygen supply, carbon sequestration, recreation services and wildlife preservation) is a measure of value of these resources. In recent years the contingent valuation has been used to determine this and other economic values by economists and policy makers. Using different elicitation methods in contingent valuation yields different willingness to pay measures. So, it is important to determine which method is preferable. The objective of this study is comparing estimated preservation value of Arasbaran Forest Ecosystem using Open-Ended and Close-Ended elicitation methods. In this paper, elicitation method were changed, ceteris paribus such as attributes of the commodity under valuation, socio-economic demographics of respondents, population, number of respondents and the payment vehicle, and based on these assumptions the results have been analyzed. Data for this study is collected from 13 provinces using 509 questionnaires and Logit and Tobit models are used to econometric analysis of close-ended and open-ended data, respectively. Results showed that some significant variables are different in two models; and also estimated willingness to pay using close-ended (112670 Rials) is more than that in the open-ended (102700 Rials) format.
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20739_2dd5e697ce69b586f12e769934012604.pdf
The Relation between Oil Revenues and Output of the Economic Sectors in Selected Oil Exporting Countries
mohsen
mehrara
دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
author
Azam
Miri
مرکز آمار ایران
author
text
article
2010
per
This paper investigates the impact of oil revenues on the output of economic sectors in some of oil exporting countries including Iran, Venezuela and Mexico. We use Cointegration analysis as well as short run and long run Granger casualties' tests. The results show that in the long run, an oil boom leads to expansion of service sector, in these countries. Also, the impacts of oil revenues on agriculture sector are insignificant or trivial in these countries. Moreover, the oil boom has a contracting effect on industry sector in Iran and Mexico, and a positive trivial one in Venezuela. Therefore in these countries, clear symptoms of Dutch Disease are observable.
JEL Classification: E32,E37
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20740_0ef4f73e0eb2125a25d5f442bab4c4f9.pdf
Inflation and it’s Effect on Social Classes in Iran
vahid
mehrbani
author
text
article
2010
per
High inflation has been as one of the characteristics of developing countries including Iran and its economic and social impacts are extensive. Compiling policies for economic development requires that inflation impacts on different social classes should be studied carefully. Microeconomic analyses show that because of higher increase in price of goods that have higher share in consumption bundle of the poor comparing to goods that have the main share in rich families budget, and because of the higher use of low income families from fixed income, the inflation is a potential factor that increases income gap in Iran. According to the panel data of provinces in 1380-82, the results suggest that high income families gain from inflation at the expense of low income.
JEL Classification: E31, D31, D63
Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi)
University of Tehran
0039-8969
45
v.
1
no.
2010
https://jte.ut.ac.ir/article_20741_251b7e7e0209cee93a95b9340daed399.pdf