نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه، قم، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Given the environmental challenges and developmental disparities across various regions of Iran, identifying the factors influencing local sustainable development and understanding its spatial dynamics have become increasingly important. This study aims to investigate the role of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local fiscal policies in improving the sustainable development index at the provincial level in Iran. The statistical population includes 31 provinces of Iran, with quarterly data spanning from 2006 to 2024. The estimation method is spatial econometrics, utilizing a spatial weight matrix based on inverse geographic distance between provincial centers to analyze spatial relationships. Two spatial regression models — Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) — were estimated, incorporating spatial lags of the dependent and independent variables. Results from the SDM indicate that the number of environmental NGOs (coefficient = 0.291) and provincial government environmental expenditures (coefficient = 0.198) both have positive and statistically significant effects on the local sustainable development index. Additionally, the interaction effect between NGOs and government environmental expenditures was also positive and significant (0.112). The spatial lag coefficient (ρ) was 0.318, reflecting positive spatial dependence of sustainable development among neighboring provinces. In the SAR model, the number of environmental NGOs (0.273) and government environmental expenditures (0.181) showed positive and significant impacts, with an interaction effect of 0.105. The spatial lag coefficient was similarly significant at 0.301. Control variables including literacy rate and urbanization exhibited positive and significant effects, while unemployment rate showed a negative and significant impact on local sustainable development. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening social participation through expanding environmental NGOs and targeted financial support for environmental activities in promoting sustainable regional development. Considering the spatial dynamics of sustainable development, the design of coordinated regional policies based on local capacities and geographic proximities can significantly enhance the effectiveness of development planning.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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