در جست و جوی شادمانی: ساختار شادمانی براساس عوامل اقتصادی و غیراقتصادی

شیشه گری, طه; غفاری, فرهاد

doi:10.22059/jte.2024.366331.1008860

در جست و جوی شادمانی: ساختار شادمانی براساس عوامل اقتصادی و غیراقتصادی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jte.2024.366331.1008860

چکیده

اتکا به مطلوبیت عینی و اندازه‌گیری میزان شادمانی و رضایت فرد بر اساس انتخاب‌های وی، مربوط به انسان اقتصادی و تعریف محدودی از انسان می‌باشد که سال‌ها توسط تئوری‌های مرسوم در اقتصاد به‌عنوان پیش فرض در خصوص انسان‌ها مورد پذیرش قرار گرفته است. مطالعات گوناگون نشان‌دهنده انحراف واقعیت و داده‌های تجربی از پیش‌بینی تئوری‌های استاندارد در زمینه شادمانی می‌باشد، بنابراین اتکا به مطلوبیت عینی به تنهایی ما را به درک درستی از شادمانی و رضایت خاطر افراد نمی‌رساند. در این پژوهش ساختاری برای شادمانی معرفی می‌شود تا علاوه بر در نظر گرفتن وجوه اقتصادی، تأثیر زمینه‌های دیگر نیز روی دریافت افراد از شادمانی یا مطلوبیت ذهنی مشخص گردد. در حقیقت در این مطالعه براساس نگرش اقتصاد رفتاری، بازنگری دوباره به مطلوبیت و شادمانی داشته و براساس داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده از 192 دانشجو در مقاطع مختلف، به تأیید ساختاری برای شادمانی پرداخته شده که در این ساختار شادمانی از سلامت روان انسان‌ها استفاده شده است و مشخص شده که سلامت اقتصادی، سلامت اجتماعی و سلامت فیزیکی نیز بر روی سلامت روان افراد مؤثر بوده است. در حقیقت این مطالعه یک پژوهش میان رشته‌ای می‌باشد که در آن به‌دنبال گسترش تئوری‌های مرسوم اقتصادی از طریق جایگزینی انسان واقعی به‌جای انسان اقتصادی و تکیه بر ویژگی‌های روانشناختی وی خواهیم بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که منشأ شادمانی افراد، سلامت روان آنها می‌باشد و در سلامت روان، مهم‌ترین تأثیر به‌ترتیب مربوط به سلامت فیزیکی، سلامت اجتماعی و سپس سلامت اقتصادی می‌باشد. در حقیقت درآمد یا عوامل اقتصادی که از دیدگاه اقتصاد مرسوم عامل اصلی کسب مطلوبیت و شادمانی افراد است، تنها یکی از عوامل تعیین‌کننده سلامت روان می‌باشد که شادمانی از آن نشأت می‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

اقتصاد اجتماعی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Pursuit of Happiness: the Structure of Happiness Based on Economic and Non-Economic Factors

نویسندگان [English]

Taha Shishegari
Farhad Ghaffari

Faculty of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Relying on the objective utility and measuring the level of happiness of people based on their choices is related to homo-economicus and a limited definition of human, which has been used as a presupposition by conventional theories in economics for years. Many studies show the deviation of reality and experimental data from the predictions of standard theories about happiness. In this study, we will try to introduce a structure for happiness so that in addition to considering the economic aspects, the effect of other fields on people's perception of happiness or subjective well-being can be determined. Based on the attitude of behavioral economics, we have re-examined utility and happiness, due to the data collected from 192 students in different grades of university. We have confirmed a structure for happiness, which is related to the psychological well-being. Economic well-being, social well-being and physical well-being also affects happiness indirectly through psychological well-being. This study is interdisciplinary research, which seeks to expand the conventional economic theories by replacing the real human being instead of the homo-economicus. The results show that the main source of people's happiness is their psychological well-being, and in psychological well-being, the most important factor is physical well-being. The second and third order goes to social well-being and economic well-being. Income or economic factors, which is the main in determining people's happiness in conventional prospect, is only one of the determining factors of psychological well-being, which happiness originates from.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Behavioral Economics
Economic Factors
Happiness
Non-Economic Factors
SEM

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