نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه تبریز
2 دکترای علوم اقتصادی دانشگاه تبریز
3 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه تبریز
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
One of the main principles of resistance economy, is to support domestic production and limiting imports, especially in sectors where there is the possibility of import-substituting production .This requires adjustment of exact trade policies,and to achieve this, identifying the structure of imports demand function and also price and income elasticity of import demand is necessary.This necessity is much more in the case of critical goods such as pharmaceutical. Therefore, Policy making in the field of drug imports, including quantitative ceilings or tariff on imported goods requires precise information about the sensitivity of import demand to price and income, as well as being essential or luxury of imported drugs for domestic consumers. The aim of this study is to estimate the price and income elasticity of imports by origin of imports to Iran (Switzerland, Germany, France and other countries) over the period of 1992 to 2014 and using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Source Differenced Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (SDQUAIDS) method. The results show that the income and price elasticity of import of drugs, both are smaller than one and the income elasticity is greater than the price elasticity. Estimating the elasticity by the origins of imports showed that the income elasticity of import of drugs from France and Germany is greater than one. Also the price elasticity of imports from all origins under study is less than one.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
گودرزی، مصطفی، ملک پژوه، مهیار، کهزادی، نوروز (1386). برآورد تابع تقاضای واردات روغن سویای ایران بر مبنای کشورهای عرضه کننده آن. مجله‌ی اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه، شماره‌ی 57، صص 61-80.
عبادی فردآذر، فربد، رضاپور، عزیز، راهبر، احمد، حسینی شکوه، سید مرتضی، باقری فرادنبه، سعید (1392). برآورد تابع تقاضای دارو در جمهوری اسلامی ایران. مجله‌ی طب نظامی، دوره‌ی 15، شماره‌ی 2، صص 163-168.
Alexander, D. L., Flynn, J. E., & Linkins, L. A. (1994). Estimates of the demand for ethical pharmaceutical drugs across countries and time. Applied Economics, 26(8), 821-826
Armington, P.S. (1969). A theory of demand for products distinguished by place of production, IMF Staff Papers 16, 159–176.
Athukorala, P-C & Menon, J. (1995), ‘Modelling Manufactured Imports: Methodological Issues with Evidence from Australia’, Journal of Policy Modelling, Elsevier, 17(6), 667-675.
Babula, R. (1987). An Armington model of US cotton exports. Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, 39(4), 12-22.
Balassa, B. (1967), ‘Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the European Common Market’, The Economic Journal, 77(305), 1-21.
Belessiotis, T., & Giuseppe, C. (1997), ‘A Dynamic Analysis of France's External Trade’, European Economy - Economic Papers, (European Commission DG ECFIN), 122, 1-70.
Belicka, S. (2013). Estimation of import demand models for the pharmaceutical products in Australia. Academy of Taiwan Business Management Review, 9(1), 57-72.
Carone, G. (1996), ‘Modelling the U.S. Demand for Imports Through Cointegration and Error Correction’, Journal of Policy Modelling, 18(1), 1-48.
Deaton, A., & Muellbauer, J. (1980). An almost ideal demand system. The American economic review, 312-326.
de Gorter, H., & Meilke, K. D. (1987). The EEC's wheat price policies and international trade in differentiated products. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 69(2), 223-229.
Deyak, Timothy A., Sawyer, W. Charles & Sprinkle, Richard L. (1993), ‘The Adjustment of Canadian Import Demand to Changes in Income, Prices, and Exchange Rates’, The Canadian Journal of Economics, 26(4), 890-900.
Duffy, P. A., Wohlgenant, M. K., & Richardson, J. W. (1990). The elasticity of export demand for US cotton. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72(2), 468-474.
Dutta, D., & Ahmed, N. (2004). An aggregate import demand function for India: a cointegration analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 11(10), 607-613.
Goldstein, M., & Khan, M. S. (1985), ‘Income and Price Effect in Foreign Trade’, Handbook of International Economics, vol. 2, ch. 20, pp. 1,042-1,099.
Green, R., & Alston, J. M. (1990). Elasticities in AIDS models. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72(2), 442-445.
Havrila, I. I. (2004). Patterns and determinants of Australia's international trade in textiles and clothing (Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University of Technology).
Henneberry, S. R., & Hwang, S. K. (2007). Meat Demand in South Korea: An Application of the Restricted Source Differentiated AIDS Model. J. Agr. Appl. Econ, 39, 47-60.
Houthakker, H. S., & Magee, S. P. (1969), ‘Income and Price Elasticities in World Trade’, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 51(2), 111-125.
Klonaris, S. (2014). Demand for Imported Meat in Greece: A Source-Differentiated Almost Idea Demand System Approach, No. 2014-6).
Khan, M. S., & Ross, K. Z. (1975). Cyclical and secular income elasticities of the demand for imports. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 357-361.
Khan, M. S., & Ross, K. Z. (1977). The functional form of the aggregate import demand equation. Journal of International Economics, 7(2), 149-160.
Leamer, E. E., & Stern, R. M. (1970), ‘Quantitative International Economics’, Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
Muellbauer, J. (1975). Aggregation, income distribution and consumer demand. The Review of Economic Studies, 525-543.
Muellbauer, J. (1976). Community preferences and the representative consumer. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 979-999.
Muhammad, A. (2008). ‘Would African Countries Benefit from the Termination of Kenya's Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU? An Analysis of EU Demand for Imported Roses’, Journal of Agricultural Economics, Early View, pp. 1-19.
Murray, T., & Ginman, Peter J. (1976). ‘An Empirical Examination of the Traditional Aggregate Import Demand Model’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 58(1), 75-80.
Mutondo, J. E., & Henneberry, S. R. (2007). A source-differentiated analysis of US meat demand. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 515-533.
Narayan S., & Kumar P. (2010), Estimating Import and Export Demand Elasticities for Mauritius and South Africa, Australian Economic Papers, 49(3), 241-252.
Orcutt, Guy H. (1950), ‘Measurement of Price Elasticities in International Trade’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 32(2), 117-132.
Penson, J. R., & Babula, R. (1988). Japanese monetary policies and US agricultural exports. Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, 40, 11-18.
Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
Poi, B. P. (2012). Easy demand-system estimation with quaids. Stata Journal, 12(3), 433-446.
Prasit, C. K. (1997). ‘Patterns and Determinants of Australia's International Trade in Pharmaceuticals’, DBA Thesis, Victoria University – Melbourne, Australia.
Salas, J. (1982). Estimation of the Structure and Elasticities of Mexican Imports in the Period 1961-1979’, Journal of Development Economics, 10(3), 297-311.
Sawyer, W. C., & Sprinkle, R. L. (1999). The demand for imports and exports in the world economy. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Shiferaw, T Feleke & Kilmer, Richard L. (2007). ‘Analysis of the Demand for Imported Meat in Switzerland using a Dynamic Specification: Implications for the European Union’, Agribusiness, 23(4), 497-510.
Silvapulle, P., & Phillips, P. (1985). ‘Australian Import Demand Analysis’, in Lim, D (ed.), ASEAN Australia Trade in Manufacturers, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 108-131.
Wang, Y. H., & Lee, J. D. (2012). Estimating the import demand function for China. Economic Modelling, 29(6), 2591-2596.
Wilkinson, J. (1992). ‘Explaining Australia’s Imports: 1974-1989’, Economic Record, 68(201), 151-164.
Winters, L. A. (1984). Separability and the specification of foreign trade functions. Journal of International Economics, 17(3), 239-263.
Yang, S. R., & Koo, W. W. (1994). Japanese meat import demand estimation with the source differentiated AIDS model. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 396-408.
)