اثرات طول دوره بیکاری، بیمه بیکاری و مهارت آموزی بر دستمزد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

4 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

بر پایه مطالعات تجربی  و تئوری‌های اقتصاد بازار کار، طول دوره بیکاری، مهارت‌آموزی و دریافت بیمه بیکاری از ویژگی‌های توضیح­دهنده دستمزد نیروی کار است. با افزایش طول دوره بیکاری فرد، احتمال انتخاب شغل با دستمزد کمتر، بیشتر می­شود. از سوی دیگر، با افزایش سرمایه انسانی و بهبود مهارت‌های فردی به‌دلیل شرکت در دوره‌های آموزشی، امکان دستیابی فرد جویای کار آموزش دیده به شغل با دستمزد مناسب فراهم می‏شود، اما بیمه بیکاری اثر دوگانه دارد، از یک‌سو دوره دریافت بیمه بیکاری برای فرد جویای کار فرصتی برای جستجوی طولانی­تر برای یافتن شغلی با دستمزد مناسب است و از سوی دیگر ممکن است با دریافت بیمه بیکاری، فرد از تلاش خود برای یک شغل بهتر بکاهد. این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات این متغیرها بر دستمزد افراد جویای کار به‏کار گمارده شده در طی سال‏های 1393-1394 با استفاده از روش رگرسیون خطی ‏می‌پردازد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بین مهارت‌آموزی و دستمزد رابطه مثبت معنی­دار وجود دارد. ارتباط ‏طول دوره بیکاری بر دستمزد همسو با نظریه پیشین و منفی است و دریافت بیمه بیکاری بر دستمزد اثر معنی‌داری ندارد. همسو با یافته رایج در ادبیات مرتبط، نتایج حاصل از تخمین ضرایب مدل‌ها با به‌کارگیری متغیرهای ابزاری نسبت به روش حداقل مربعات معمولی، بزرگ‏تر و اثرات آن بر دستمزد معنی‌دار است.
طبقه‌بندی JEL: J64، J65، J68، J31

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Unemployment Duration, Unemployment Insurance, and Occupational ‎‎Training on Wage

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Dashtebozorgi 1
  • gholamreza keshavarz 2
  • Khosro Piraee 3
  • hashem zare 4
1 PhD Candidate, Faculty of Economics, Department of Management and Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran (Phd dissertation)
2 PhD Candidate, Faculty of Economics, Department of Management and Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran (Phd dissertation)
3 Faculty of Economics, Department of Management and Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor and Faculty Member of economic group of Islamic Azad University, shiraz,iran
چکیده [English]

Based on empirical studies and labor economics theories, the unemployment duration, acquiring occupational skills, and receiving unemployment insurance are among explanatory features of labor wages. With an increase in unemployment duration, selecting a job with low wage is more likely to be probable. On the other hand, by increasing human capital and improving occupational skills by participating in training courses, it is possible for the trained jobseeker to find a job with proper wage. But unemployment insurance has a double impact. On the one hand, unemployment insurance provides an opportunity for unemployed to search longer for a job with appropriate wage. On the other hand, the jobseeker receiving unemployment insurance becomes more selective and presumably decreases the job search intensity. This study examined the causal effects of these variables on the wages of jobseekers at work in the years of 1393-94 using the linear regression method. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between wages and learning occupational skills. The relation between unemployment duration and wages is negative and consistent with  theory,  receiving unemployment insurance does not have a significant effect on wages. The results of the model estimation using instrumental variables in two - stage least squares method showed  that the coefficients resulted from this method are greater than those of ordinary least squares method and their effects on wages are significant.
JEL Classification: J31, J64, J65, J68

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wage
  • Unemployment insurance
  • Unemployment duration
  • Training

مراجع

  1. Addison, J. T., & Blackburn, M.L. (2000). "The effects of unemployment insurance on post unemployment earnings". Labour Economic, 7:21-53.
  2. Angrist, J.D., & Krueger, AB. (1991)." Does compulsory school attendance affect schooling and earnings?" , quarterly Journal of Economics, No. 106., PP.979-1014.
  3. Becker, Gary S. (‎‏1994‏‎). Human capital: Atheortical and empirical analysis with special reference to  ‎Education, 3‏th. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637‏‎. ‎
  4. Biewen, M., Fitzenberger, B., Osikominu, A., & Paul,M. (2012)."The effectiveness of public sponsored training revisited: the importance of data and methodologyical choices", Labour Economics, Vol. 32, No. 4, PP. 837-897.
  5. Blau, D., & Robins, Ph. (1986)."Job search, wage offer and unemployment insurance", Journal of public Economics, No. 29., PP.173-197
  6. Blundell, R., Dearden, L., & Meghir, C. (1996)." The determinants and effects of work related training in Britani", Institute for fiseal studies, London.
  7. Blundel, R., Dearden, L., & Sianesi, B. (2004)." Evaluting the impact of education on earnings in the UK: models, methodes and result from the NCDS", Institute for Fiscal Studies, London.
  8. Caliendo,  M., Tatsiramos, K., & Uhlendorff, A.  (2009). "Benefit duration, unemployment duration and job match quality: A regression –discontinuity approach", IZA Discussion Paper, No.4670.
  9. Cahuc, P., & Zylberberg, A. (2009). labor economics. 2th.  New Dehli- 110001.
  10. Card, D. (1995b)."Using geographic variation in college proximity to estimate the returns to schooling", In Aspects of Labour Market Behaviour: Essays in Honor of John Vanderkamp (eds). PP.201-221
  11. ------- (‎‏1999‎). "The causal effect of education on earnings", Handbook of Labor Economics, Chap3., PP. 1801-1863. ‎
  12. Card, D., Kluve, J., & Weber, A. (2015). "What works? A meta -analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations", IZA Discussion Paper, No.  9236.‎
  13. Cenerto, M., & Novo, A'.A. (2006). "The impact of unemployment insurance on the job match quality: a quantile regression approach", Emprical Economics, Vol.31, pp.905-919.
  14. Chevalier, A., & Walker, I. (1999). "Further results on the returns to education in the UK", Mimeo, Departement of economics, University of Warwick.
  15. Davey, P.C. (2015)."The effects of unemployment insurance duration on job quality: Evidence from post- Hartez Germany", Boston College Department of Economics.
  16. Dauth, W., Hujer, R., & Wolf, K. (2010). "Macroeconometric evaluation of active labour market policies in Austrial", IZA Discussion Paper, No.  5217.‎
  17. Ehrenberg, R., & Oaxaca, R.L. (1976). "Unemployment insurance, duration of unemployment, and  subsequent wage gain". American Economic Review, Vol. 66, 754-766.
  18. Froyen, R.C.T. (2002). Theorise and Policies Macroeconomics, 7th.ed. New Jersey:  Prentice Hall.
  19. International Labour Office. (2003). "Active labour market policies". Govern body, Committee on  Employment and Social Policy, Geneva.288th session.
  20. Griliches, Z. (1977)."Estimating the returns to schooling some econometrics problems". Econometrica, No. 45, 1-22
  21. Hujer, R., Thomsen, S., & Zeiss, C. (2004). "The effects of vocation training programmes on the duration of unemployment in eastern Germany", IZA Discussion Paper, No.1117.
  22. Hoelen, A. (1977). "Effects of unemployment insurance entitlement on duration and job search  outcome", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 30, 445-450.
  23. Haider, B. S., Bourdon, J., & Aslam, M. (2013). "Economic returns to education in Ferance: ols and instrumental variable estimations", The Lahour Journal of Economics, No. 18,51-63.
  24. Kuckulenz, A., & Maier, M. (2006)."Heteroheneous returns to training an analyzing with German data using local instrumental variables", ZEW Discussion Paper,  No.06-002.
  25. Lechner, M., Miquel, R., & Wonesh, C. (2004).  " Long- run effects of public sector sponsored training in west germany", IZA Discussion Paper, No.  1443.‎
  26. Layard, R., & Nickel, S. (1986). "Unemployment in Britain", Journal of Economical. Vol. 53. No. 210.
  27. Lopse, M. (2015). "Using the variation in potential duration of unemployment benefits to estimates the causal effect of unemployment duration on re-employment wages", FEUNL Working paper.
  28. Lynch, L.M. (1992). "Private –sector training and earnings of younger workers:, The Merican Economic Review, No.82, 299-312.
  29. Maibom, J., Rosholm, M., & Svarer, M. (2014). "Can active labour market policies combat youth unemployment?", IZA Discussion Paper, No.  7912.‎
  30. Maluccio, J. (1998). "Endogeneity of schooling in the wage function; evidence from the rural Phliphins", International Food Policy Research Institute, No. 50.
  31. Pischke, J.S. (2001). "Continuse training in Germany", Journal of population Economics, No. 14, 523-548.
  32. Nekoei, A., & Weber, A. (2013). "Does extending unemployment benefits improve job quality?", Mimeo, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
  33. Richardson, K., Van den Berg, & Gerard, J. (2006). "Swedish labor market training and the duration of unemployment", IZA Discussion Paper, No.  2314.‎
  34. Scarpetta. S. (1996). "Assessing the role of labour market policies and institutional settings on     unemployment: A cross-country study", OECD Economic Studies, No. 26. 1996/I.
  35. Schmieder, J.F.,Wachter.T., & Bender. S. (2014). "The causal effect of unemployment duration on wages: Evidence from unemployment insurance extensions", IZA Discussion Paper, No.  8700.
  36. Stigler, G. (1961). "The economics of information", Journal of Political Economic. 69, 213-225.
  37. Stigler, G. (1962). "Information in the labor market",  Journal of Political Economic. 70,  94-105.
  38. Tansel, A., & Tasci, H.M. (2010). "Hazard analysis of unemployment duration by gender in a developing country: The case of Turkey",  IZA Discussion Paper No. 4844.
  39. Tatsiramos, K., & Van Ours, J. C. (2012). "Labor market effects of unemployment insurance design", IZA Discussion Paper No. 6950.
  40. Veum, J. R. (1995). "Sources of training and their impact on wages", Industrial and Labor  Review,Vol. 48, No. 4.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 مهر 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار